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31.
Landslides - Assessment of the spatial probability of future landslide occurrences for disaster risk reduction is done through landslide susceptibility modelling. In this study, we investigated the... 相似文献
32.
Martha Tapas Ranjan Roy Priyom Jain Nirmala Khanna Kirti Mrinalni K. Kumar K. Vinod Rao P. V. N. 《Landslides》2021,18(6):2125-2141
Landslides - India ranks first in the world in terms of fatal landslides. Large vulnerable area (0.42 million km2), high population density and monsoon rainfall make India’s landslide... 相似文献
33.
Extenuating the parameters using HEC-HMS hydrological model for ungauged catchment in the central Omo-Gibe Basin of Ethiopia 下载免费PDF全文
Demisse Habtamu Semunigus Ayalew Abebe Temesgen Ayana Melkamu Teshome Lohani Tarun Kumar 《地下水科学与工程》2021,9(4):317-325
Characteristics of ungauged catchments can be studied from the hydrological model parameters of gauged catchments. In this research, discharge prediction was carried out in ungauged catchments using HEC-HMS in the central Omo-Gibe basin. Linear regression, spatial proximity, area ratio, and sub-basin mean were amalgamated for regionalization. The regional model parameters of the gauged catchment and physical characteristics of ungauged catchments were collated together to develop the equations to predict discharge from ungauged catchments. From the sensitivity analysis, crop coefficient (CC), storage coefficient (R), constant rate (CR), and time of concentration (TC) are found to be more sensitive than others. The model efficiency was evaluated using Nash–Sutcliffe Efficiency (NSE) which was greater than 0.75, varying between ?10% and +10% and the coefficient of determination (R2) was approximated to be 0.8 during the calibration and validation period. The model parameters in ungauged catchments were determined using the regional model (linear regression), sub-basin mean, area ratio, and spatial proximity methods, and the discharge was simulated using the HEC-HMS model. Linear regression was used in the prediction where p-value ≤ 0.1, determination coefficient (R2) = 0.91 for crop coefficient (CC) and 0.99 for maximum deficit (MD). Constant rate (CR), maximum storage (MS), initial storage (IS), storage coefficient (R), and time of concentration (TC) were obtained. The result is that an average of 30 m3/s and 15 m3/s as the maximum monthly simulated flow for ungauged sub-catchments, i.e. Denchiya and Mansa of the main river basin . 相似文献
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Suhas SHETYE Rahul MOHAN Sunil Kumar SHUKLA Sudhakar MARUTHADU Rasik RAVINDRA 《《地质学报》英文版》2011,85(3):549-558
Kongsfjorden is a fjord in Spitsbergen (Svalbard archipelago) that lies adjacent to both Arctic and Atlantic water masses and is therefore a suitable site to understand the effects of climate change on ecosystems. To decipher the effect of the lateral advection of transformed Atlantic water (TAW) within the fjord, spatial variations of foraminiferal tests, their test size variations and stable isotopic composition (δ13C and δ18O) in the surface sediments were studied. Total organic carbon and textural analyses were also carried out. The dominant benthic foraminifera included Nonionellina labradorica, Elphidium excavatum, Cassidulina reniforme, Quinqueloculina stalkeri and Islandiella islandica. Nonionellina labradorica was the predominant species in the outer fjord, whereas Elphidium excavatum and Cassidulina reniforme were dominant in the inner fjord. Total organic carbon and the test size of Nonionellina labradorica within the fjord were highly correlated (r2?=?0.97) and both showed a decreasing trend towards the inner fjord. Based on the distribution and abundance of Nonionellina labradorica as well as temperature profiles, we suggest that there was little or no major change in the lateral advection of TAW within the fjord in the immediate past. 相似文献
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Prasanta Kumar NAYAK Birendra Kumar MOHAPATRA Prem Prakash SINGH Ranjit Kumar MARTHA 《Resource Geology》2011,61(3):281-289
Banded iron formation (BIF) comprising high grade iron ore are exposed in Gorumahisani‐Sulaipat‐Badampahar belt in the east of North Orissa Craton, India. The ores are multiply deformed and metamorphosed to amphibolite facies. The mineral assemblage in the BIF comprises grunerite, magnetite/martite/goethite and quartz. Relict carbonate phases are sometimes noticed within thick iron mesobands. Grunerite crystals exhibit needles to fibrous lamellae and platy form or often sheaf‐like aggregates in linear and radial arrangement. Accicular grunerite also occur within intergranular space of magnetite/martite. Grunerite needles/accicules show higher reflectivity in chert mesoband and matching reflectance with that of adjacent magnetite/martite in iron mesoband. Some grunerite lamellae sinter into micron size magnetite platelets. This grunerite has high ferrous oxide and cobalt oxide content but is low in Mg‐ and Mn‐oxide compared to the ones, reported from BIFs, of Western Australia, Nigeria, France, USA and Quebec. The protolith of this BIF is considered to be carbonate containing sediments, with high concentrations of Fe and Si but lower contents of cobalt and chromium ± Mg, Mn and Ni. During submarine weathering quartz, sheet silicate (greenalite) and Fe‐Co‐Cr (Mg‐Mn‐Ni)‐carbonate solid solution were formed. At the outset of the regional metamorphic episode grunerite, euhedral magnetite and recrystalized quartz were developed. Magnetite was grown at the expense of carbonate and later martitized under post‐metamorphic conditions. With the increasing grade of metamorphism greenalite transformed to grunerite. 相似文献
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Sridevi Jade H. J. Raghavendra Rao M. S. M. Vijayan V. K. Gaur B. C. Bhatt Kireet Kumar Saigeetha Jaganathan M. B. Ananda P. Dileep Kumar 《International Journal of Earth Sciences》2011,100(6):1293-1301
Deformation rates derived from GPS measurements made at two continuously operating stations at Leh (34.1°N, 77.6°E) and Hanle
(32.7°N, 78.9°E), and eight campaign sites in the trans-Himalayan Ladakh spanning 11 years (1997–2008), provide a clear picture
of the kinematics of this region as well as the convergence rate across northwestern Himalaya. All the Ladakh sites move 32–34 mm/year
NE in the ITRF2005 reference frame, and their relative velocities are 13–16 mm/year SW in the Indian reference frame and ~19 mm/year W
with reference to the Lhasa IGS station in southeastern Tibet. The results indicate that there is no statistically significant
deformation in the 200-km stretch between the continuous sites Leh and Hanle as well as between Leh and Nubra valley sites
along the Karakoram fault, whereas the sites in and around the splayed Karakoram fault region indicate surface deformation
of 2.5 mm/year. Campaign sites along the Karakoram fault zone indicate a fault parallel surface motion of 1.4–2.5 mm/year
in the Tangste and western Panamik segment of the Karakoram fault, which quantifies the best possible GPS-derived dextral
slip rate of 3 mm/year along this fault during this 11-year period. Baselines of Ladakh sites show convergence rates of 15–18 mm/year
with respect to south India and 12–15 mm/year with respect to Delhi in north India and Almora in the Himalaya ~400 km north-northeast
of Delhi. These constitute an arc normal convergence of 12–15 mm/year across the western Himalaya, which is consistent with
arc normal convergence all along the Himalayan arc from west to east. Baseline extension rates of 14–16 mm/year between Lhasa
and Ladakh sites are consistent with the east–west extension rate of Tibetan Plateau. 相似文献
40.
Manish Kumar M. Someshwar Rao Bhishm Kumar Algappan Ramanathan 《Hydrogeology Journal》2011,19(2):463-474
Recharge zones and sources in an urban setup (NCT of Delhi, India) were identified using environmental isotopes (2H, 3H, 18O); they were then correlated with hydrogeological conditions. The isotopic results showed that groundwater is being recharged by surface water during the dry season, while recharge associated with local precipitation becomes prominent during the monsoon. The effect of source-water evaporation and altitude on the isotopic characteristics of groundwater was clearly noted. A gradual increase in groundwater age, i.e. decrease in tritium content, while moving away from the river/canals/drains, suggests a degree of mixing of old-aged groundwater with relatively young recharging water. Further, to substantiate the findings of isotopic investigations, surface recharge conditions were differentiated into potential pervious (recharge prone) and impervious (recharge resistant) surfaces through mapping of potential recharge areas based on soil type and water-table depth, to depict a three-dimensional illustration of hydrogeologically mediated recharge zones of the area. The hydrogeological evidence thus obtained about the spatial distribution of permeable zones, slope and boundary conditions, aptly substantiates the isotopic findings. The study seeks its impact by correlation of the isotopic findings with the regional groundwater flow regime which has been altered by the urban development. 相似文献